What kind of patients typically require hemodialysis?

Patients requiring hemodialysis are primarily those with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This condition occurs when the kidneys can no longer adequately filter waste products and excess fluids from the blood, leading to a buildup of toxins in the body. In such cases, kidney function is severely compromised, often requiring dialysis to perform the essential role of filtration that the kidneys can no longer manage.

Hemodialysis functions by using a machine to pump blood from the body to an artificial kidney (dialyzer), which removes waste, extra salt, and water before returning the cleansed blood to the individual. This treatment is critical for maintaining life in individuals with ESRD and can also help manage electrolyte balance and blood pressure.

Other conditions listed, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, major surgery recovery, and heart failure, do not typically necessitate hemodialysis as a standard treatment. Patients with COPD require respiratory management, those recovering from surgery focus on surgical recovery and rehabilitation, and heart failure management may involve diuretics and medications rather than dialysis. Thus, the necessity of hemodialysis is primarily associated with end-stage renal disease.