What is the most common complication associated with AV fistulas?

The most common complication associated with arteriovenous (AV) fistulas is thrombosis. This occurs when a clot forms within the fistula, obstructing blood flow. Thrombosis can lead to a variety of issues, including a decrease in dialysis efficiency and the potential failure of the access site. It is particularly critical for patients on dialysis because the AV fistula serves as a vital access point for the procedures. Factors that contribute to thrombosis include poor blood flow, changes in venous pressure, and insufficient vessel diameter.

In contrast, while infection can occur in relation to AV fistulas, it is less prevalent compared to thrombosis. Edema may also be a concern, but it typically arises from other issues related to fluid management rather than being a direct complication of the AV fistula itself. Aneurysm formation is another potential complication but is significantly less frequent than thrombosis. Therefore, thrombosis is recognized as the primary complication due to its direct impact on the functionality of the AV fistula and the patient's ongoing dialysis treatment.