How is ultraviolet light utilized in water treatment?

Ultraviolet (UV) light is primarily utilized in water treatment as a method for disinfection. It effectively destroys microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, by damaging their DNA or RNA. This damage prevents the pathogens from replicating and thereby eliminates their ability to cause infection or disease.

The effectiveness of UV light in destroying microorganisms is a significant advantage in water treatment processes, as it offers a chemical-free alternative to traditional disinfectants like chlorine. Additionally, it does not produce harmful byproducts, making it an environmentally friendly option.

While UV light can assist in various aspects of water treatment, such as clarifying water by passing it through a properly designed system, its primary role is in the disinfection process. Therefore, the correct answer highlights its essential function of destroying harmful microorganisms to ensure the water is safe for consumption and use.